Journal: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

Article Title: Bifidobacterium infantis Relieves Allergic Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th1/Th2

doi: 10.12659/MSM.920583

Figure Lengend Snippet: The summary results inflammation cytokines level by ELISA.

Article Snippet: Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in the serum of each group of mice were measured using a Mouse IgE ELISA Kit (CSB-E07983m, Cusabio, China) and a Mouse OVA sIgE ELISA Kit (CSB-E08914m, Cusabio, China).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

Article Title: Bifidobacterium infantis Relieves Allergic Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th1/Th2

doi: 10.12659/MSM.920583

Figure Lengend Snippet: B. infantis reduced the expression of IgE in the serum of allergic asthma mice. ( A ) ELISA was used to measure the total IgE content (ng/ml) in the serum of mice. ( B ) ELISA was used to detect the content of OVA-specific IgE (ng/ml) in the serum of mice. All experiments were repeated in triplicate to average (n=10). ## p <0.001 vs. control; ** p <0.001 vs. OVA.

Article Snippet: Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in the serum of each group of mice were measured using a Mouse IgE ELISA Kit (CSB-E07983m, Cusabio, China) and a Mouse OVA sIgE ELISA Kit (CSB-E08914m, Cusabio, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

Article Title: Bifidobacterium infantis Relieves Allergic Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th1/Th2

doi: 10.12659/MSM.920583

Figure Lengend Snippet: B. infantis regulated the balance of Th1/Th2-related cytokines in BALF and lung tissues. ( A–E ) ELISA was used to detect the contents of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF. ( F–J ) QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in lung tissues. β-actin served as a reference gene. All experiments were repeated in triplicate to average (n=10). # p <0.05, ## p <0.001 vs. control; * p <0.05, ** p <0.001 vs. OVA.

Article Snippet: Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in the serum of each group of mice were measured using a Mouse IgE ELISA Kit (CSB-E07983m, Cusabio, China) and a Mouse OVA sIgE ELISA Kit (CSB-E08914m, Cusabio, China).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Control

Journal: Atmosphere

Article Title: Combined Effects of Particulate Matter Exposure and Exercise Training on Neuroplasticity-Related Growth Factors and Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity

doi: 10.3390/atmos16020220

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Changes in serum biomarkers related to BBB integrity following PM exposure and exercise training interventions. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD. (A) S100β, S100 calcium-binding protein β; (B) NSE, neuron-specific enolase; CON, control group; PM, particulate matter exposure group; EX, exercise training group; PMEX, particulate matter exposure with exercise training group. * Versus CON and EX (p < 0.05); # versus PM and PMEX (p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The serum levels of MDA (Catalog No. MBS741034, MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), SOD (Catalog No. MBS034842, MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), IL-6 (Catalog No. DY406, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), TNF-α (Catalog No. DY410, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), IGF-1 (Catalog No. MG100, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), BDNF (Catalog No. DY248, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), VEGF (Catalog No. MMV00, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), S100β (Catalog No. CSB-EL020643MO, CUSABIO, Wuhan, China), and NSE (#CSB-E07962m, CUSABIO, Wuhan, China) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits according to the manufacturers’ instructions.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Control

Journal: Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Article Title: Deletion of NKX3.1 via CRISPR/Cas9 Induces Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in C57BL/6 Mice

doi: 10.1177/1533033820964425

Figure Lengend Snippet: Level of PSA and apoptotic proteins. (A) The PSA concentration was measured in the prostate homogenate by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The detection ranges of the kit used is 0.312-20 ng/mL. Five to 6 mice per group were used for preparing the protein lysate, and ELISA were assayed in duplicate for each sample. (B) The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins were measured by western blot analysis using HRP-labeled anti-rabbit IgG antibody. After intensity of each band was determined using an imaging densitometer, the relative levels of the 2 proteins were calculated based on the intensity of β-actin. Five to 6 mice per group were used for preparing the protein homogenate, and western blot analyses were assayed in duplicate for each sample. Data are reported as the mean ± SD. *, p < 0.05 compared to the WT mice. #, p < 0.05 compared to the HT mice.

Article Snippet: The level of PSA was quantified using ELISA kits (CSB-E08276m, Cusabio Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Labeling, Imaging

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Depletion of MGO or Its Derivatives Ameliorate CUMS-Induced Neuroinflammation

doi: 10.3390/cells14060397

Figure Lengend Snippet: CUMS induces cognitive decline and activates neuroinflammation in mice. ( A ) Schematic illustration of the experimental timeline for CUMS and behavioral testing. ( B ) Hippocampal corticosterone concentrations (ng/mg) in Control and CUMS mice at the conclusion of the CUMS protocol ( n = 10; Student’s t -test, * p < 0.05). ( C ) Concentrations (ng/mg) of norepinephrine in the hippocampus tissues of Control and CUMS mice at the end of the CUMS procedure ( n = 10, Student’s t -test, ns: no significant). ( D ) Representative track images of mice in the probe trial of MWM. ( E , F ) Escaping latency and Crossing-platform Times of mice ( n = 10, Student’s t -test, * p < 0.05). ( G ) Cognitive Index of mice ( n = 10, Student’s t -test, * p < 0.05). ( H ) Representative images of IF staining of hippocampal sections from Control and CUMS mice. Iba-1, green; DAPI, blue. Scale bar, 50 μm. ( I ) Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in hippocampus lysates from Control and CUMS mice as determined by ELISA ( n = 10, Student’s t -test, * p < 0.05). ( J ) The mRNA level for the IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in hippocampus lysates from Control and CUMS mice ( n = 6, Student’s t -test, * p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Similarly, hippocampal tissue supernatants were analyzed using mouse IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α ELISA kits (ABclonal, Wuhan, China), MGO and AGEs ELISA kits (E03M0040, E03A0002, Bluegene, Shanghai, China), RAGE ELISA kits (CSB-EL001441MO, CUSABIO, https://www.cusabio.com/ , 3 January 2025).

Techniques: Control, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Depletion of MGO or Its Derivatives Ameliorate CUMS-Induced Neuroinflammation

doi: 10.3390/cells14060397

Figure Lengend Snippet: Corticosterone induces neuroinflammation in primary microglia and the high level of MGO and its derivatives. ( A ) Concentrations of MGO, RAGE, and Ages in primary microglia cells from Control and Cort as determined by ELISA ( n = 3, Student’s t -test, * p < 0.05). ( B ) qRT-PCR assays monitoring expression levels of RAGE and GLO1 in primary microglia cells ( n = 3, Student’s t -test, * p < 0.05). ( C ) The protein level of RAGE and GLO1 in primary microglia cells ( n = 3, Student’s t -test, * p < 0.05). ( D ) Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in primary microglial cells as quantified by ELISA. ( n = 3, Student’s t -test, * p < 0.05). ( E ) The mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in primary microglia cells ( n = 3, Student’s t -test, * p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Similarly, hippocampal tissue supernatants were analyzed using mouse IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α ELISA kits (ABclonal, Wuhan, China), MGO and AGEs ELISA kits (E03M0040, E03A0002, Bluegene, Shanghai, China), RAGE ELISA kits (CSB-EL001441MO, CUSABIO, https://www.cusabio.com/ , 3 January 2025).

Techniques: Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Depletion of MGO or Its Derivatives Ameliorate CUMS-Induced Neuroinflammation

doi: 10.3390/cells14060397

Figure Lengend Snippet: MGO depletion ameliorates corticosterone-induced neuroinflammation in BV2 cells. ( A ) The overexpression efficacy was investigated using Western blotting. ( B ) Concentrations of MGO, RAGE, and Ages in BV2 cells as determined by ELISA ( n = 3, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( C ) Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in BV2 cells as determined by ELISA ( n = 3, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Similarly, hippocampal tissue supernatants were analyzed using mouse IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α ELISA kits (ABclonal, Wuhan, China), MGO and AGEs ELISA kits (E03M0040, E03A0002, Bluegene, Shanghai, China), RAGE ELISA kits (CSB-EL001441MO, CUSABIO, https://www.cusabio.com/ , 3 January 2025).

Techniques: Over Expression, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Depletion of MGO or Its Derivatives Ameliorate CUMS-Induced Neuroinflammation

doi: 10.3390/cells14060397

Figure Lengend Snippet: FPS-ZM1 ameliorates corticosterone-induced microglia inflammation and MGO and its derivatives. ( A ) Concentrations of MGO, RAGE, and Ages in primary microglia cells from Control, Cort, and Cort+FPS-ZM1 as determined by ELISA ( n = 3, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05, ns: no significant). ( B ) Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in primary microglia cells from Control, Cort, and Cort+FPS-ZM1 as determined by ELISA ( n = 3, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( C ) qRT-PCR assays monitoring the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in primary microglia cells from Control, Cort, and Cort+FPS-ZM1 ( n = 3, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Similarly, hippocampal tissue supernatants were analyzed using mouse IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α ELISA kits (ABclonal, Wuhan, China), MGO and AGEs ELISA kits (E03M0040, E03A0002, Bluegene, Shanghai, China), RAGE ELISA kits (CSB-EL001441MO, CUSABIO, https://www.cusabio.com/ , 3 January 2025).

Techniques: Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Depletion of MGO or Its Derivatives Ameliorate CUMS-Induced Neuroinflammation

doi: 10.3390/cells14060397

Figure Lengend Snippet: GLO1-specific overexpression of hippocampal microglia ameliorates CUMS-induced cognitive impairment, inflammatory response, and production of MGO and its derivatives. ( A ) Schematics of the AAV construct expressing GLO1-targeted specifically in microglia (AAV-GLO1) (upper). AAV-GLO1 or AAV-Control was injected into the mouse hippocampus, and the experimental timeline is shown (lower). ( B ) Representative fluorescence image of GFP in the mouse hippocampus after AAV-GLO1 infection. Scale bar, 100 μm. ( C ) qRT-PCR assay monitoring the expression of GLO1 in the mouse hippocampus injected with AAV-GLO1 or AAV-Control ( n = 6, Student’s t -test, * p < 0.05). ( D ) Concentrations of corticosterone in the hippocampus of Control and CUMS mice after AAV-GLO1 or AAV-Control infection at the end of the CUMS procedure ( n = 10, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( E , F ) Escaping latency and Crossing-platform Times of Control and CUMS mice after AAV-GLO1 or AAV-Control infection at the end of the CUMS procedure ( n = 10, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( G ) Cognitive Index of Control and CUMS mice after AAV-GLO1 or AAV-Control infection at the end of the CUMS procedure ( n = 10, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( H ) Concentrations of MGO, RAGE, and Ages in the serum of Control and CUMS mice after AAV-GLO1 or AAV-Control infection at the end of the CUMS procedure ( n = 10, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( I ) Concentrations of MGO, RAGE, and Ages in the hippocampus of Control and CUMS mice after AAV-GLO1 or AAV-Control infection ( n = 10, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( J ) Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in hippocampus lysates from Control and CUMS mice infected with AAV-GLO1 or AAV-Control as determined by ELISA ( n = 10, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( K ) The mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in hippocampal samples from Control and CUMS mice infected with AAV-GLO1 or AAV-Control ( n = 6, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Similarly, hippocampal tissue supernatants were analyzed using mouse IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α ELISA kits (ABclonal, Wuhan, China), MGO and AGEs ELISA kits (E03M0040, E03A0002, Bluegene, Shanghai, China), RAGE ELISA kits (CSB-EL001441MO, CUSABIO, https://www.cusabio.com/ , 3 January 2025).

Techniques: Over Expression, Construct, Expressing, Control, Injection, Fluorescence, Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Depletion of MGO or Its Derivatives Ameliorate CUMS-Induced Neuroinflammation

doi: 10.3390/cells14060397

Figure Lengend Snippet: FPS-ZM1 ameliorates CUMS-induced cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and MGO and its derivatives in mice. ( A ) Schematic illustration of the experimental timeline for CUMS, FPS-ZM1 treatment, and behavioral testing. ( B ) Hippocampal corticosterone concentrations in Control, CUMS, and CUMS + FPS-ZM1 mice ( n = 10; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( C , D ) Escaping latency and Crossing-platform Times of Control, CUMS, and CUMS+FPS-ZM1 mice at the end of the CUMS procedure ( n = 10, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( E ) Cognitive Index of Control, CUMS, and CUMS+FPS-ZM1 mice at the end of the CUMS procedure ( n = 10, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( F ) Concentrations of MGO, RAGE, and Ages in the serum of Control, CUMS, and CUMS+FPS-ZM1 mice at the end of the CUMS procedure ( n = 10, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( G ) Concentrations of MGO, RAGE, and Ages in the hippocampus ( n = 10, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( H ) Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in hippocampus lysates from Control, CUMS, and CUMS+FPS-ZM1 mice as determined by ELISA ( n = 10, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05). ( I ) The mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in hippocampal samples from Control, CUMS, and CUMS+FPS-ZM1 mice ( n = 6, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, * p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Similarly, hippocampal tissue supernatants were analyzed using mouse IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α ELISA kits (ABclonal, Wuhan, China), MGO and AGEs ELISA kits (E03M0040, E03A0002, Bluegene, Shanghai, China), RAGE ELISA kits (CSB-EL001441MO, CUSABIO, https://www.cusabio.com/ , 3 January 2025).

Techniques: Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Spatiotemporally controlled restoration of GAS6 signaling via mRNA therapy promotes scarless healing in preclinical models

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69540-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: TAM receptor (TYRO3, AXL, MERTK) and ligand (PROS1, GAS6) expression in: a keloid-prone ( n = 8, K) versus healthy ( n = 6, N) individual wounds ( GSE113619 ; 1st and 2nd: initial and 42-day biopsies); b normal human skin ( n = 24, NS), early (≤7 days, n = 22, EW), late (8 days–1 month, n = 29, LW), and chronic (>1 month, n = 3, CW) wounds ( GSE178411 ); c normal ( n = 5, NS), acute ( n = 5, AW), type I ( n = 5, DW Ⅰ), and type II diabetic ( n = 3, DW Ⅱ) mouse wounds ( GSE283228 ); d IFN-γ/LPS-stimulated macrophages ( n = 4; GSE53986 ). Conserved GAS6 downregulation in datasets e GSE113619 , f GSE178411 , g GSE283228 , and h GSE53986 (mean ± SD; n values as in a – d ). i – l Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of human wounds ( GSE241132 ; n = 3). i UMAP plot colored by cell type. j GAS6 expression over time. k FeaturePlot visualization of GAS6 expression at representative times. l GAS6 expression across cell types. m – o In vivo analysis of RU-301-treated mice. m Representative wound images (POD0, 3, 7, 10, 14) and H&E-stained scar (POD30); scale bars, 1 mm, 500 µm. n Relative wound area over time (Ctrl, n = 6; RU-301, n = 7). o Scar length on POD30 (Ctrl, n = 3; RU-301, n = 3). p , r Apoptosis in POD3 wounds. p Quantification of Cleaved caspase 3 MFI (Control, n = 6; RU-301, n = 5). r Representative immunofluorescence images; scale bars, 500 µm, 100 µm. q , s Macrophage migration towards POD3 dermal samples. q Quantification of migrated macrophages ( n = 3). s Representative Transwell images; scale bars, 100 µm. All quantitative data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using two-tailed unpaired t-tests for comparisons between two groups or one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test for multi-group comparisons. n represents independent biological experiments. Ctrl control group, POD postoperative day, MFI mean fluorescence intensity. Control groups received vehicle. Source data are provided as a file.

Article Snippet: Mouse GAS6 (#E-EL-M0282), IL-6 (#E-EL-M0044), and TNF-α (#E-EL-M3063) ELISA Kit was purchased from Elabscience.

Techniques: Expressing, Single Cell, RNA Sequencing, In Vivo, Staining, Control, Immunofluorescence, Migration, Two Tailed Test, Fluorescence

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Spatiotemporally controlled restoration of GAS6 signaling via mRNA therapy promotes scarless healing in preclinical models

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69540-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic of LNP-GAS6 mRNA design for targeted TAM receptor agonism. b – g Physicochemical characterization of LNPs and LNP-GAS6 mRNA. b – d Diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) ( n = 5). Encapsulation efficiency ( e ) and encapsulated mRNA concentration ( f ) quantified using the Quant-iT RiboGreen RNA Assay Kit ( n = 5). g Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image; scale bars, 200 nm, 50 nm. h GAS6 protein secretion quantified by ELISA in fibroblasts and macrophages at 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment with LNP-GAS6 mRNA ( n = 3). i – k Intracellular GAS6 protein expression assessed by immunofluorescence. i Representative images of fibroblasts and macrophages; Blue, DAPI (nuclei); green, GAS6; scale bars, 100 µm. Quantification of GAS6 MFI in fibroblasts ( j ) and macrophages ( k ) ( n = 3). All quantitative data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using two-tailed unpaired t-tests for comparisons between two groups or one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test for multi-group comparisons. n represents independent biological experiments. MFI mean fluorescence intensity; I, LNP; II, LNP-GAS6 mRNA. Source data are provided as a file.

Article Snippet: Mouse GAS6 (#E-EL-M0282), IL-6 (#E-EL-M0044), and TNF-α (#E-EL-M3063) ELISA Kit was purchased from Elabscience.

Techniques: Zeta Potential Analyzer, Encapsulation, Concentration Assay, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Two Tailed Test, Fluorescence

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Spatiotemporally controlled restoration of GAS6 signaling via mRNA therapy promotes scarless healing in preclinical models

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69540-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Il10 expression in macrophages after GAS6 siRNA treatment, assessed by RT‑qPCR ( n = 3). Expression of Csf1 ( b ) and Cxcl12 ( c ) in fibroblasts treated with conditioned medium (CM) from the indicated macrophage groups ( n = 3). d Percentage of macrophages that engulfed apoptotic cells (CFDA‑SE⁺), assessed by flow cytometry ( n = 3). Expression of Nos2 ( e ) and Arg1 ( f ) in macrophages ( n = 3). g – i Efferocytosis analysis in macrophages. g Percentage of CFDA‑SE⁺ macrophages. h MFI of CFDA‑SE within phagocytes, reflecting the number of apoptotic cells ingested per macrophage ( n = 4). i Representative flow cytometry plots. j Schematic of the macrophage‑fibroblast paracrine signaling model. Created in BioRender. Hanxiao, S. (2026) https://BioRender.com/snsu6jk . Expression of Tnf ( k ), Il1b ( l ), and Il10 ( m ) in macrophages ( n = 3). Expression of Csf1 ( n ) and Cxcl12 ( o ) in fibroblasts ( n = 3). LPS CM: conditioned medium from LPS‑treated macrophages; LNP‑GAS6 mRNA CM: conditioned medium from LNP‑GAS6 mRNA‑treated macrophages. Expression of Csf1 ( p ) and Cxcl12 ( q ) in fibroblasts under the indicated treatments ( n = 3). All quantitative data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using two‑tailed unpaired t‑tests for comparisons between two groups or one‑way ANOVA with Tukey’s post‑hoc test for multi‑group comparisons. CM conditioned medium, MFI mean fluorescence intensity. Source data are provided as a file.

Article Snippet: Mouse GAS6 (#E-EL-M0282), IL-6 (#E-EL-M0044), and TNF-α (#E-EL-M3063) ELISA Kit was purchased from Elabscience.

Techniques: Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Spatiotemporally controlled restoration of GAS6 signaling via mRNA therapy promotes scarless healing in preclinical models

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69540-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , b Thermosensitive properties of LNP-GAS6 mRNA@Gel. a In vitro sol‑gel transition in vitro at 4 °C (liquid) and 37 °C (gel) (representative images, n = 3). b In vivo gelation upon application to acute and diabetic murine wounds (representative images, n = 3). c Distribution of PKH26‑labeled LNPs within the hydrogel matrix, detected by confocal microscopy (representative image, n = 3). d – f Bioluminescence imaging of luciferase expression. d Representative images of wounds after treatment with LNP‑Fluc mRNA (5 μg/wound) by injection or hydrogel. e Longitudinal quantification of bioluminescence flux in individual mice over time ( n = 4). f Comparative analysis of total signal intensity between LNP‑Fluc mRNA and LNP‑Fluc mRNA@Gel groups ( n = 4). g – k In vivo experiment of LNP-mRNA@Hydrogel concentration screening. g Representative immunofluorescence images for GAS6 (green) and DAPI (blue) in POD3 acute wounds; scale bars, 1 mm. Quantification of GAS6 MFI in deep and superficial skin layers at the wound center ( h ) and edge ( i ) ( n = 4). Wound width ( j ) and granulation tissue thickness ( k ) after treatment ( n = 4). All quantitative data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using two‑tailed unpaired t‑tests for comparisons between two groups or one‑way ANOVA with Tukey’s post‑hoc test for multi‑group comparisons. n represents independent biological experiments. MFI mean fluorescence intensity, POD postoperative day. Source data are provided as a file.

Article Snippet: Mouse GAS6 (#E-EL-M0282), IL-6 (#E-EL-M0044), and TNF-α (#E-EL-M3063) ELISA Kit was purchased from Elabscience.

Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo, Confocal Microscopy, Imaging, Luciferase, Expressing, Injection, Concentration Assay, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Spatiotemporally controlled restoration of GAS6 signaling via mRNA therapy promotes scarless healing in preclinical models

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69540-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Experimental design: full-thickness wounds in mice treated with PBS, Gel, LNP@Gel, LNP-GAS6 mRNA@Gel, or GAS6 recombinant protein. Created in BioRender. Hanxiao, S. (2026) https://BioRender.com/78012r9 . b – d Wound closure analysis. b Representative wound images on POD0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 30. c Quantification of relative wound area over time ( n = 8). d Heatmap of wound closure dynamics ( n = 8). e – g Scar analysis on POD30. e Representative H&E (scale bars, 1 mm, 200 µm) and Masson’s trichrome (scale bars, 1 mm, 250 µm, 50 µm) staining. f Scar length ( n = 6). g CVF ratio (scar area CVF/normal skin CVF) ( n = 6). h , i Apoptosis in POD3 wounds. ( h ) Representative images of immunofluorescence for Cleaved caspase 3; scale bars, 200 µm, 100 µm. i Quantification of Cleaved caspase 3 MFI ( n = 3). Blue, DAPI; Green, F4/80; Red, Cleaved Caspase 3. j , k Macrophage migration toward POD3 dermal samples ( n = 3). j Representative images of Transwell assay; scale bars, 100 µm. k Quantification of migrated macrophages ( n = 3). All quantitative data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using two‑tailed unpaired t‑tests for comparisons between two groups or one‑way ANOVA with Tukey’s post‑hoc test for multi‑group comparisons. n represents independent biological experiments. CVF collagen volume fraction, MFI mean fluorescence intensity, POD postoperative day. Ⅰ, Control; Ⅱ, Gel; Ⅲ, LNP@Gel, Ⅳ, LNP-GAS6 mRNA@Gel; Ⅴ, GAS6 Recombinant Protein. Source data are provided as a file.

Article Snippet: Mouse GAS6 (#E-EL-M0282), IL-6 (#E-EL-M0044), and TNF-α (#E-EL-M3063) ELISA Kit was purchased from Elabscience.

Techniques: Recombinant, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Migration, Transwell Assay, Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Spatiotemporally controlled restoration of GAS6 signaling via mRNA therapy promotes scarless healing in preclinical models

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69540-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Administration protocol for LNP-GAS6 mRNA@Gel with or without AXL or MERTK receptor inhibitors. b , c Wound closure analysis. b Quantification of relative wound area over time ( n = 4). c Representative wound images on POD0, 3, 7, 10, and 14. d – h Transcriptomic analysis of treatment effects ( n = 3). d KEGG and e GSEA enrichment plots highlighting OXPHOS as a top-ranked pathway. Venn diagram ( f ), heatmap ( g ), and volcano plot ( h ) showing expression changes of OXPHOS-related genes (45 upregulated, 3 downregulated). i – l OXPHOS functional validation in macrophages ( n = 3). Expression of Ndufa3 ( i ), Uqcrb ( j ), and Cox5a ( k ) by RT‑qPCR following GAS6 siRNA treatment ( n = 3). l Relative ATP levels in macrophages after treatment with GAS6 siRNA or LNP‑GAS6 mRNA. All quantitative data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using two‑tailed unpaired t‑tests for comparisons between two groups or one‑way ANOVA with Tukey’s post‑hoc test for multi‑group comparisons. n represents independent biological experiments. Ctrl control, AXL i AXL inhibitor, MERTK i MERTK inhibitor, OXPHOS oxidative phosphorylation, POD postoperative day. Source data are provided as a file.

Article Snippet: Mouse GAS6 (#E-EL-M0282), IL-6 (#E-EL-M0044), and TNF-α (#E-EL-M3063) ELISA Kit was purchased from Elabscience.

Techniques: Expressing, Functional Assay, Biomarker Discovery, Control, Phospho-proteomics

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Spatiotemporally controlled restoration of GAS6 signaling via mRNA therapy promotes scarless healing in preclinical models

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69540-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Experimental design: full-thickness wounds on rabbit ears treated with PBS, Gel, LNP@Gel, or LNP-GAS6 mRNA@Gel. Created in BioRender. Hanxiao, S. (2026) https://BioRender.com/eh3yqdy . b Representative wound images on POD0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 60. c , e Hypertrophic scar assessment on POD60 by Masson’s trichrome staining. c Representative images, each containing scar and adjacent normal skin ( n = 6); scale bars, 1 mm, 500 µm. e Quantification of the SEI, calculated as scar height/normal skin height ( n = 6). d , f Collagen composition analysis on POD60 by Sirius red staining under polarized light. d Representative images (scar and normal skin) ( n = 3); scale bars, 200 µm, 20 µm. f Quantification of the collagen I/III ratio ( n = 3). Under polarized light, thick type I collagen fibers appear red/orange-red; thin type III collagen fibers appear green. All quantitative data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using two‑tailed unpaired t‑tests for comparisons between two groups or one‑way ANOVA with Tukey’s post‑hoc test for multi‑group comparisons. n represents independent biological experiments. SEI scar elevation index, POD postoperative day. Ⅰ, Control; Ⅱ, Gel; Ⅲ, LNP@Gel, Ⅳ, LNP-GAS6 mRNA@Gel; Ⅴ, Normal Skin. Source data are provided as a file.

Article Snippet: Mouse GAS6 (#E-EL-M0282), IL-6 (#E-EL-M0044), and TNF-α (#E-EL-M3063) ELISA Kit was purchased from Elabscience.

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Spatiotemporally controlled restoration of GAS6 signaling via mRNA therapy promotes scarless healing in preclinical models

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69540-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Experimental design: full-thickness dorsal wounds treated with Gel, LNP@Gel, LNP-GAS6 mRNA@Gel, or human EGF gel. Created in BioRender. Hanxiao, S. (2026) https://BioRender.com/a0axfcg . b – e Wound closure analysis. b Representative wound images on POD0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. c Quantification of relative wound area over time ( n = 6). d Heatmap of closure dynamics ( n = 6). e Schematic simulation of wound area changes during healing. f – h Scar analysis on POD14 and 35. f Representative Masson’s trichrome staining; scale bars, 1 mm, 200 µm. g Scar length quantification ( n = 6). h CVF ratio (scar area CVF/normal skin CVF) ( n = 6). All quantitative data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using two‑tailed unpaired t‑tests for comparisons between two groups or one‑way ANOVA with Tukey’s post‑hoc test for multi‑group comparisons. n represents independent biological experiments. CVF collagen volume fraction, POD postoperative day. Ⅰ, Gel; Ⅱ, LNP@Gel; Ⅲ, LNP-GAS6 mRNA@Gel, Ⅳ, h-EGF Gel (Human-Epidermal Growth Factor Gel). Source data are provided as a file.

Article Snippet: Mouse GAS6 (#E-EL-M0282), IL-6 (#E-EL-M0044), and TNF-α (#E-EL-M3063) ELISA Kit was purchased from Elabscience.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Article Title: Programming of mouse obesity by maternal exposure to concentrated ambient fine particles

doi: 10.1186/s12989-017-0201-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Maternal exposure to CAP decreases adipose leptin expression. a the plasma leptin levels of adult offspring. n Male/FA = 6, n Male/CAP = 7, n Female/FA = 4, and n Female/CAP = 7. * p < 0.05, one way ANOVA. b the plasma adiponectin levels of adult offspring. n Male/FA = 6, n Male/CAP = 7, n Female/FA = 4, and n Female/CAP = 7. * p < 0.05, one way ANOVA. c the mRNA expression levels of offspring epididymal adipose tissues. n Male/FA = 6, n Male/CAP = 7, n Female/FA = 4, and n Female/CAP = 7. * p < 0.05, one way ANOVA. d the representative image of western blot analysis of leptin protein in epididymal adipose tissues. e the quantification of leptin protein in epididymal adipose tissues. n Male/FA = 6, n Male/CAP = 7, n Female/FA = 4, and n Female/CAP = 7. * p < 0.05, one way ANOVA. f the average methylation level of leptin promoter in adipocytes. n Male/FA = 6, n Male/CAP = 7, n Female/FA = 4, and n Female/CAP = 7. * p < 0.05, one way ANOVA

Article Snippet: Plasma insulin (Ultra Sensitive Mouse Insulin ELISA Kit, Crystal Chemical), leptin (RayBio Mouse Leptin ELISA Kit, RayBiotech), and adiponectin (Mouse Adiponectin ELISA Kit, Boster Biological Technology) levels were determined per manufacturer’s instruction.

Techniques: Expressing, Clinical Proteomics, Western Blot, Methylation